The Art of War, Chapter VI: Weaknesses and Strengths — Multilingual Revised Reading Edition · v1.0.0 · 2026-07-24
说明本版采用的底本、分段原则、重要异文和跨语言核心术语。
本版是面向现代读者的校订阅读版，不冒充古籍影印本或穷尽所有传本的校勘本。繁体正文依所列嘉靖刊本校核，按现代通行繁体字形排录并另施现代标点；七段层次、三十六个语义单元及多语种译文均属本版编辑工作。
繁体正文按现代通行繁体字形排录；字形规范化不视为异文。 另行披露的检索、训释例项为：䇿→策、饑→飢、衆→眾、闘→鬥、髙→高。简体原文由本版对应转换。为避免不同传本相互污染，凡涉及异文，均先确定本版正文，再据同一正文修订六种译文。
古籍原文属于公有领域；本版新增的现代标点、分段、校记、六语译文与网页设计未声明开放许可；第三方影像、数字转写与字体依各来源条款使用。
多语种译文由本项目依古文新译并逐单元复核；未提供具名译者或外部母语审校者署名，本版不作相应专业背书声明。
This is a revised reading edition for modern readers, not a facsimile or an exhaustive critical edition. The traditional text is checked against the stated Jiajing witness and transcribed in modern standard Traditional Chinese forms. Its punctuation, seven-paragraph structure, thirty-six semantic units, and all translations are editorial features of this edition.
The Traditional Chinese text is transcribed in modern standard character forms; graphic normalization is not treated as a textual variant. Disclosed search- or interpretation-relevant examples are 䇿→策、饑→飢、衆→眾、闘→鬥、髙→高. Simplified Chinese is this edition’s corresponding conversion. Variant readings are recorded rather than blended, and all six translations follow the adopted reading.
The classical Chinese text is in the public domain. No open license is declared for this edition’s new punctuation, segmentation, textual notes, six translations, or web design. Third-party facsimiles, digital transcriptions, and fonts remain subject to their respective source terms.
The multilingual translations were prepared from the classical text and reviewed line by line within this project. No named translators or external native-language reviewers were supplied, and this edition makes no such professional-endorsement claim.
底本及宋刊《十一家注孙子》正文作“不趋”；银雀山汉简、《太平御览》引文及曹操注文见“必趋”系统
本版依主文本保留“不趋”，译作出现在敌军不能及时赶到之处；不与“必趋”本的“敌所必救”解释混用。
The base text’s 不趨 is retained and translated as appearing where the enemy cannot arrive in time. The alternative 必趨 reading (“where the enemy must hasten”) is not silently imported.
底本及宋刊《十一家注孙子》正文作“不攻”；张预释为使敌不知所攻
本版保留“不攻”。译文依张预的阐释，表达为使敌无法判明有效攻击目标；并非把“不”擅改为“必”。
The text 不攻 is retained. Following Zhang Yu’s explanation, the translations describe a defence that leaves the enemy unable to identify an effective target; 不 is not silently changed to 必.
《武经七书》本作“虽画地而守之”；底本、宋刊《十一家注孙子》及《武经七书》本作“乖”，《孙子略解》传本一系见“诈”
底本无“虽”，本版不增；“虽画”为《武经七书》本异文。底本、宋刊《十一家注孙子》及《武经七书》本作“乖”，取使敌偏离原定趋向之义；《孙子略解》传本一系所见“诈”不入正文。
The base witness has 畫地 without 雖; the Wujing Qishu witness reads 雖畫地. The base, Eleven Commentaries, and Wujing Qishu witnesses read 乖, taken here as diverting the enemy from his intended course; a Sunzi Luejie transmission line reads 詐.
《武经七书》本无“而”字
底本有“而”，本版保留，以维持“我众／敌寡”的对举。
The base witness includes 而 between “we are many” and “the enemy is few”; the Wujing Qishu witness omits it. This edition retains the base reading.
《武经七书》本无“败”字，作“亦奚益于胜哉”
本版从底本保留“胜败”；《武经七书》本无“败”，句义更集中于“胜”。
The base text’s 勝敗 (“victory or defeat”) is retained. The Wujing Qishu witness omits 敗 and focuses the clause on victory alone.
底本“策”原字形作“䇿”；李筌以“候”释“作”；“角”历来训作角量、较量
“䇿”按通行字形规范作“策”；“候”视为释义，不据改正文。四项依次处理为分析、激扰、迫使显形、衡量比较，不混为一谈。
The base graph 䇿 is normalized to 策. Li Quan’s 候 is treated as a gloss on 作, not as authority to alter the text. The four acts remain distinct: assess, rouse, compel disclosure, and compare.
《武经七书》本作“措胜”
底本作“错”，注文释“错，置也”；本版从底本，不按现代常用义理解为错误。
The base witness reads 錯勝 and glosses 錯 as 置, “to place or set forth.” The Wujing Qishu witness reads 措勝. This edition follows the base witness; 錯 does not mean “mistaken” here.
银雀山汉简相关文字有“兵胜”一系读法
本版从传世底本作“兵之形”，并以逗号、分号标明水与兵两层主谓结构；不据残简改正文。
The received witness’s 兵之形 is retained; modern comma and semicolon mark the parallel clauses. Related Yinqueshan material supports a 兵勝 line, but the fragmentary witness is not blended into the received text.
银雀山汉简见“制行”，《通典》引文见“制形”
本版从底本作“制流”，不把不同文本系统拼合进正文。
The base witness reads 制流. Related Yinqueshan material has 制行, while Tongdian quotes 制形. This edition retains 制流.
银雀山汉简相关残文见“成势”“恒形”字样，连读与补字依整理方案而异
本版从“常势／常形”，译文统一表达作战态势与水形均无固定不变的模式。
This edition follows 常勢／常形 and consistently renders the absence of a fixed military disposition or a fixed shape in water.
《武经七书》本作“恒位”
本版从底本作“常位”；不把“常／恒”的避讳解释写成确定事实。
The base witness reads 常位; the Wujing Qishu witness reads 恆位. This edition retains 常位 and does not present the taboo-avoidance explanation as certain fact.
兵力薄弱、守备空缺、准备不足或可乘之处，不是抽象的“空无”。
A weak, unguarded, unprepared, or otherwise exploitable point—not abstract emptiness.
兵力充实、守备严密或已有充分准备之处。
A strong, well-defended, or fully prepared point.
掌握主动，使敌依我方意图行动；在具体语境中也可表现为诱敌来就我。
To control the initiative and make the enemy act on one’s terms; contextually, to draw him toward oneself.
可被观察、推知的部署、态势或行动征候；“无形”指不露可辨识的形迹。
An observable disposition, configuration, or sign of intent; “formless” means leaving no discernible disposition.
随敌情而变的作战态势与力量配置，不是固定阵形。
The changing strategic disposition and configuration of force, rather than a fixed formation.
集中我方兵力／迫使敌方分散兵力。
Concentrating one’s own forces / compelling the enemy to disperse his.
主宰命运者；此处指掌握敌军生死进退的主动权。
The arbiter or master of fate—here, the one who controls the enemy’s life-and-death choices.
筹算分析、激扰观察、迫使显形、衡量比较，构成一组层次分明的侦察判断动作。
Assess, rouse, compel disclosure, and compare: four distinct acts of reconnaissance and judgment.